FAZA INFLACYJNA EKSPANSJI WSZECHĹšWIATA, Studia - Studiowanie Tematu, Kosmologia
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
,1)/$&<-1$
)$=$
(.63$16-,
:6=(&+
:,$7$
,
758'12
&,
02'(/,
)5,('0$112:6.,&+
T 2T
:SUDZG]LH
UR]XPLHP\
MX*
REHFQLH
*H
Z
NRVPRORJLL
ED]XM
FHM
QD
27:
RVWDWHF]Q
JUDQLF
VWRVRZDOQR
FL
MHVW
W]Z
VNDOD
SODQFNRZVND
L
C
'H
T
C
CH
'H
Ã…CM
P
¸
Ã…S
M
'
¸
Ã…G
P
Ã…
Ã…
Ã…
Ã…
Ã…
Ã…
Ã…
Ã…
Ã…
Ã…
Ã…
Ã…
Ã…
C
'H
MC
4
K
¸
Ã…G
CM
¸
P
Ã…+
P
MHGQDN
QDZHW
VWDUWRZDQLH
]
UR]ZL
]DQLDPL
)ULHGPDQQD
RG
FKZLOL
T
SRZRGXMH
SHZQH
NáRSRW\
2PyZLP\
WX
QDMZD*QLHMV]H
]
QLFK
3UREOHP
KRU\]RQWX
:
UR]G]LDOH
Ä+RU\]RQW
NRVPRORJLF]Q\´
]GHILQLRZDQ\
]RVWDá
W]Z
KRU\]RQW
F]
VWHN
MDNR
REV]DU
]ELyU
]GDU]H
NWyUH
PRJ
E\ü
SU]\F]\QRZR
SRZL
]DQH
:
REV]DU]H
WDNLP
PR*H
VL
QS
Z\UyZQ\ZDü
WHPSHUDWXUD
:
V]F]HJyOQR
FL
GOD
PRGHOX
ZV]HFK
ZLDWD
ÄSáDVNLHJR´
UR]PLDU
KRU\]RQWX
]ZL
NV]D
VL
OLQLRZR
]
F]DVHP
MDN
2T 2TR C(T CT
¸
QDWRPLDVW
Z]DMHPQH
2T Tr
D
ZL
F
ZROQLHM
=DVL
J
KRU\]RQWX
ZRNyá
Z\EUDQHJR
SXQNWX
²
SRPLPR
HNVSDQVML
²
REHMPXMH
VWRSQLRZR
FRUD]
ZL
NV]\
REV]DU
5R]ZD*P\
GOD
SHZQHM
²
EDUG]R
ZF]HVQHM
²
FKZLOL
SHZLHQ
VSRU\
REV]DU
ZV]HFK
ZLDWD
R
REM
WR
ü
GRZROQHJR
REV]DUX
SU]\F]\QRZR
SRZL
]DQHJR
²
F]\OL
REM
WR
ü
ZHZQ
WU]
KRU\]RQWX
Z\QRVL
6T 2Q
:LHONR
ü
( (
6T 2T
.T
6T2TR
( ( (
RNUH
OD
LOH
WDNLFK
SU]\F]\QRZR
UR]á
F]Q\FK
REV]DUyZ
PLH
FL
VL
Z
REM
WR
FL
6T
3RQLHZD*
MHGQDN
(
RT
Tr
SDWU]
IRUPXáD
Z
UR]G]LDOH
Ä+RU\]RQW
NRVPRORJLF]Q\´
WR
LOR
ü
.T T
r
&]\OL
G]LVLHMV]\
REV]DU
GRVW
SQHJR
QDV]\P
REVHUZDFMRP
KRU\]RQWX
VNáDGDá
VL
NLHG\
QS
Z
HU]H
GRPLQDFML
SURPLHQLRZDQLD
OXE
MHV]F]H
GDZQLHM
]
ZLHOX
SU]\F]\QRZR
UR]á
F]Q\FK
SRGREV]DUyZ
=DVWDQDZLDM
FD
MHVW
ZL
F
Z
WHM
V\WXDFML
WDN
GX*D
MHGQRURGQR
ü
WHPSHUDWXURZD
SURPLHQLRZDQLD
UHOLNWRZHJR
REVHUZRZDQD
REHFQLH
:
MDNL
VSRVyE
Z\UyZQDá\
VL
WHPSHUDWXU\
L
WR
]
GRNáDGQR
FL
GR
.
Z
.T
Z
REM
WR
FL
6T
PDOHMH
QDP
Z
F]DVLH
MDN
.2602/2*,$–
,QIODF\MQD
ID]D
HNVSDQVML
:V]HFK
ZLDWD
,
7UXGQR
FL
PRGHOL
IULHGPDQQRZVNLFK
:V]\VWNLH
UR]ZL
]DQLD
NRVPRORJLF]QH
)ULHGPDQQD
SRVLDGDM
RVREOLZR
ü
PDWHPDW\F]Q
Z
SXQNFLH
Ã…;
=
¸
P
S
P
P
( (
RGOHJáR
FL
QDUDVWDM
]
F]DVHP
MDN
REM
WR
FL
6T 2T
Q
:
WHM
VDPHM
FKZLOL
UR]á
F]Q\FK
REV]DUyZ
 REV]DUDFK
NWyUH
NLHG\
E\á\
SU]\F]\QRZR
UR]á
F]QH
7UXGQR
ERZLHP
XZLHU]\ü
Z
VDPRLVWQ
MHGQRURGQR
ü
WHM
WHPSHUDWXU\
L
EUDN
MDNLFKNROZLHN
ZL
NV]\FK
IOXNWXDFML
Z
FDá\P
ZF]HVQ\P
ZV]HFK
ZLHFLH
,
WX
ZáD
QLH
SHZQ
SURSR]\FM
VWDMH
VL
NRQFHSFMD
ÄLQIODF\MQHM
ID]\
HNVSDQVML´
Z
F]DVLH
NWyUHM
WHPSR
HNVSDQVML
2T
:yZF]DV
WR
FR
G]L
REVHUZXMHP\
MDNR
QDV]
KRU\]RQW
NRVPRORJLF]Q\
SRFKRG]LáRE\
]
ÄLQIODF\MQHJR´
UR]G
FLD
MHGQHJR
]
ZLHOX
GDZQ\FK
QLHZLHONLFK
REV]DUyZ
SU]\F]\QRZR
SRZL
]DQ\FK
(
2T
3UREOHP
SáDVNR
FL
:V]HFK
ZLDWD
Z
UR]ZL
]DQLDFK
NRVPRORJLF]Q\FK
)ULHGPDQQD
MHVW
UHGQLD
J
VWR
ü
PDWHULL
ZH
ZV]HFK
ZLHFLH
-DN
ZLHP\
LVWQLHMH
W]Z
J
VWR
ü
NU\W\F]QD
2T
GOD
NWyUHM
RWU]\PXMH
VL
PRGHO
ÄSáDVNL´
:SURZDG]D
VL
WH*
SRPRFQLF]H
R]QDF]HQLH
C
('
MDNR
SDUDPHWU
FKDUDNWHU\]XM
F\
W\S
PRGHOX
NRVPRORJLF]QHJR
2EHFQD
GRNáDGQR
ü
GDQ\FK
REVHUZDF\MQ\FK
SR]ZDOD
RNUH
OLü
GRSXV]F]DOQ\
]DNUHV
WHJR
SDUDPHWUX
MDNR
8
C
SS
8
o
7HQ
SR]RUQLH
V]HURNL
SU]HG]LDá
REHFQHM
QLHSHZQR
FL
R]QDF]D
MHGQDN
*H
MX*
SRG
NRQLHF
HU\
GRPLQDFML
SURPLHQLRZDQLD
SDUDPHWU
WHQ
PXVLDá
E\ü
RNUH
ORQ\
]
GRNáDGQR
FL
XáDPND
SURPLOD
1DSLV]P\
UD]
MHV]F]H
QDV]H
UyZQDQLH
NRVPRORJLF]QH
(' KC2
Z
SRVWDFL
(2 KC
QS
3RPQR*\P\
MH
VWURQDPL
SU]H]
'2
QS
L
SRGVWDZLDM
F
GHILQLFM
J
VWR
FL
NU\W\F]QHM
C
S
RUD]
SDUDPHWU
8
PR*HP\
MH
SU]HNV]WDáFLü
GR
IRUPXá\
#
2S
JG]LH
VWDáD
#KC'Q
-HGQRF]H
QLH
ZLHP\
*H
S S
RUD]
22
22Z
6W
G
22Z
,QGHNV
RGQRVL
VL
MDN
]Z\NOH
GR
FKZLOL
REHFQHM
RUD]
Z
0R*HP\
ZL
F
GOD
QDV]HJR
UyZQDQLD
QDSLVDü
8
#
2S
RUD]
8 8
#
Z
2Z
7R
]D
Z
SURVW\
VSRVyE
SU]HNV]WDáFLP\
GR
SRVWDFL
8
8
8
Z
Z
à DWZR
SROLF]\ü
*H
QDZHW
MH
OL
REHFQLH
SDUDPHWU
8
]QDQ\
E\áE\
]
QLHSHZQR
FL
U]
GX
8
o
WR
GOD
HU\
SURPLHQLVWHM
JG\
Z
PDP\
8
o¸
QDWRPLDVW
Z
SREOL*X
FKZLOL
V
SDUDPHWU
WHQ
PXVLDá
E\ü
RNUH
ORQ\
]
IDQWDVW\F]Q
ZU
F]
GRNáDGQR
FL
T
8
o
WR
DOER
PLHOLE\
P\
KLSHUVIHU\F]Q\
PRGHO
ZV]HFK
ZLDWD
R
F]DVLH
WUZDQLD
VZRMHJR
F\NOX
SRQL*HM
POG
ODW
OXE
WH*
PRGHO
*G\E\
GRSDVRZDQLH
WR
E\áR
WURFK
PQLHMV]H
QS
.2602/2*,$–
,QIODF\MQD
ID]D
HNVSDQVML
:V]HFK
ZLDWD
,
7UXGQR
FL
PRGHOL
IULHGPDQQRZVNLFK
E\áR
GX*R
ZL
NV]H
QS
HNVSRQHQFMDOQH
L
SU]HZ\*V]DáR
UR]SU]HVWU]HQLDQLH
VL
REV]DUyZ
KRU\]RQWX
3RGVWDZRZ\P
SDUDPHWUHP
NWyU\
GHF\GXMH
R
]DFKRZDQLX
VL
IXQNFML
S Q
QS
'2
8
SS
S
P
8
o
KLSHUEROLF]Q\
HNVSDQGXM
F\
]E\W
V]\ENR
DE\
PRJá\
XIRUPRZDü
VL
JDODNW\NL
1DWRPLDVW
]DSURSRQRZDQD
LQIODF\MQD
ID]D
HNVSDQVML
ZF]HVQHJR
ZV]HFK
ZLDWD
MHVW
Z
VWDQLH
XVSUDZLHGOLZLü
WR
QLH]Z\NáH
ZU
F]
ÄVSáDV]F]HQLH´
JOREDOQHM
JHRPHWULL
SU]HVWU]HQL
3UREOHP
ZDUXQNyZ
SRF]
WNRZ\FK
:V]HFK
ZLDWD
4
x
-DN
ZLDGRPR
SDWU]
IRUPXáD
Z
UR]G]
Ä:F]HVQH
HWDS\
HZROXFML
:V]HFK
ZLDWD´
SU]\
DGLDEDW\F]QHM
HNVSDQVML
]DFKRG]L
]ZL
]HN
CONST
+
2T4T
F]\OL
2424
:
SREOL*X
ZDUXQNyZ
SODQFNRZVNLFK
JG\
+
RWU]\PDP\
]
SRZ\*V]HJR
]ZL
]NX
CM
]DPLDVW
VSRG]LHZDQHJR
UR]PLDUX
SODQFNRZVNLHJR
-H
OL
QDWRPLDVW
Z\VWDUWXMHP\
]
ZDUXQNyZ
SODQFNRZVNLFK
MDNR
ZDUXQNyZ
SRF]
WNRZ\FK
Z
UR]ZL
]DQLDFK
)ULHGPDQQD
WR
RWU]\PDP\
Z
UH]XOWDFLH
KLSHUVIHU\F]Q\
PRGHO
ZV]HFK
ZLDWD
R
F]DVLH
WUZDQLD
F\NOX
U]
GX
CM
:LGDü
ZL
F
Z\UD(QLH
*H
SDUDPHWU\
SODQFNRZVNLH
QLH
PRJ
E\ü
ZDUXQNDPL
SRF]
WNRZ\PL
UR]ZL
]D
NRVPRORJLF]Q\FK
JG\*
SURZDG]
GR
UH]XOWDWyZ
VSU]HF]Q\FK
]
REHFQ\PL
GDQ\PL
REVHUZDF\MQ\PL
T
P
S
6WDUH
LGHH
Z
QRZHM
V\WXDFML
2SLVDQH
SRZ\*HM
NáRSRW\
PRGHOL
)ULHGPDQQD
VWDá\
VL
LQVSLUDFM
GOD
SRP\VáX
]DLVWQLHQLD
QD
SRF]
WNX
:LHONLHJR
:\EXFKX
ID]\
NUyWNRWUZDáHM
OHF]
EDUG]R
JZDáWRZQHM
HNVSDQVML
²
W]Z
ÄLQIODFML´
JáyZQL
WZyUF\
WHM
LGHL
WR
$
*XWK
L
$
/LQGH
3RZUyFRQR
WX
GR
GZyFK
VWDU\FK
NRQFHSFML
²
GR
UR]ZL
]DQLD
GH
6LWWHUD
W]Q
SXVW\
L
HNVSDQGXM
F\
ZLDW
RUD]
GR
UR]ZL
]D
]H
VWDá
NRVPRORJLF]Q
SDWU]
UR]G]LDá
Ä3UREOHP
VWDáHM
NRVPRORJLF]QHM
IDWDOQD
F]\
JHQLDOQD
SRP\áND
(LQVWHLQD"´
²
Z
UyG
NWyU\FK
LVWQLHM
UR]ZL
]DQLD
]
EDUG]R
V]\EN
HNVSRQHQFMDOQ
HNVSDQVM
.RQFHSFMH
WH
]QDOD]á\
VL
WHUD]
Z
QRZ\P
NRQWHN
FLH
X]XSHáQLRQH
ZLHG]
]
]DNUHVX
WHRULL
SROD
:
UR]G]
Ä3UREOHP
VWDáHM
NRVPRORJLF]QHM
IDWDOQD
F]\
JHQLDOQD
SRP\áND
(LQVWHLQD"´
PLHOL
P\
UyZQDQLD
NRVPRORJLF]QH
2
D2KC '
C C
DT
¸
-
2 C
Q
S
D2 D2KC '
PC
2 DT
¸
-
Q
DT 2
2 C
]
NWyU\FK
SU]\
K
PS
RUD]
-
RWU]\PXMH
VL
UR]ZL
]DQLH
2T 2E
-
‚
C
T
:
W\P
SU]\SDGNX
SDUDPHWU
+XEEOH¶D
(
-
2C
2
CONST
'OD
PRGHOL
]
K
o
UR]ZL
]DQLD
WH
PDM
RGSRZLHGQLR
SRVWDü
¦
¦
¦
r
¤
¦
-
¦
¸
C
TK
Ã… Ã…Ã…
C
SINH
¦
¸
¦
¦
¦¥
TK
Ã… Ã… Ã…Ã…
:H
ZVSRPLQDQ\P
UR]G]LDOH
RWU]\PDOL
P\
WH*
]ZL
]HN
.2602/2*,$–
,QIODF\MQD
ID]D
HNVSDQVML
:V]HFK
ZLDWD
,
7UXGQR
FL
PRGHOL
IULHGPDQQRZVNLFK
2EVHUZRZDOQ\
REHFQLH
REV]DU
ZV]HFK
ZLDWD
MHVW
U]
GX
NLONXQDVWX
POG
ODW
ZLHWOQ\FK
F]\OL
2T2wx
L
PD
WHPSHUDWXU
Ã…CM
44
P
x2
L
P
£
¦
-
COSH
2T
 D2 '2
CPP
DT C
VACUUM
Q
S
P C'Q
-
-HGQRF]H
QLH
Uy*QLF]NXM
F
UyZQDQLH
SR
F]DVLH
L
ZVWDZLDM
F
RWU]\PDQH
VACUUM
D2DT
GR
UyZQDQLD
GRVWDQLHP\
SR
XSRU]
GNRZDQLX
DC
(CP
DT
S
W]Z
ZDUXQHN
]DFKRZDZF]\
=DXZD*RQR
MHGQDN
*H
IRUPDOQLH
PR*QD
SU]\M
ü
RJyOQLHMV]\
ZDUXQHN
S
D
VW
G
P
CP
S
CONST
P
:yZF]DV
FDáD
SUDZD
VWURQD
UyZQD
L
WR
VWDáH
D
LFK
UR]ZL
]DQLD
QDGDO
V
W\SX
GH
6LWWHUD
L
W\ONR
VWDáH
SRG
SLHUZLDVWNLHP
]DPLDVW
C-
E
G
WHUD]
C 'QS
3RQDGWR
SU]\M
FLH
CONST
S
R]QDF]D
*H
]
ZDUXQNX
S
CP
RWU]\PD
VL
RVREOLZH
GR
ü
UyZQDQLH
VWDQX
PCS
GRSXV]F]DM
FH
XMHPQH
FL
QLHQLH
:DUXQHN
WHQ
ZVWDZLRQ\
GR
GD
QDP
Z
UH]XOWDFLH
D2'
C C
2DTC
Q
S
-
CONST
5R]ZL
]DQLD
WHJR
UyZQDQLD
VSHáQLDM
FH
WH*
UyZQDQLH
V
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
COSH
DLAÃ…Ã…
2T 2E K
DLAÃ…Ã…
¤
¦
¦
¦
(T
2(T K
SINH
DLAÃ…Ã…
JG]LH
2C(
]D
(
QS
-
=DXZD*P\
*H
GOD
CONST
(T
PDP\
x x
D
ZL
F
ZV]\VWNLH
WU]\
UR]ZL
]DQLD
VWDM
VL
SRGREQH
5y*QLFD
MHVW
QDWRPLDVW
Z
SREOL*X
SINH
COSH
(Tl
2ND]XMH
VL
*H
LQWHUZDá
F]DVRSU]HVWU]HQQ\
SU]\
HNVSDQVML
RSLVDQHM
UyZQDQLDPL
PD
SRVWDü
T
JG]LH
(T
E
RUD]
COSH
(Tl
]D
SINH
DS CDT RD D
C
R(
C
ž
R( DR
¸
SIN
R RK
®
XZDJD
WX
ZVSyáU]
GQD
R
PD
Z\PLDU
GáXJR
FL
5R]PLDU
KRU\]RQWX
RWU]\PDP\
]
ZDUXQNX
DS
V\JQDá
ZLHWOQ\
UR]FKRG]
F\
VL
UDGLDOQLH
D
ZL
F
]
T R
(
DT (R
¨¨
CDT CT
C
¸
ARCTH
(
R(
C
D
VW
G
C
R CT
(
(
TANH
.2602/2*,$–
,QIODF\MQD
ID]D
HNVSDQVML
:V]HFK
ZLDWD
,
7UXGQR
FL
PRGHOL
IULHGPDQQRZVNLFK
JG]LH
S
S
:
UR]ZL
]DQLX
GH
6LWWHUD
E\áR
CONST
-
£
2(T K
¦
¦
Â¥
' C
(T
E (T (T
 Rl
D
ZL
F
GOD
ND*GHJR
REVHUZDWRUD
LVWQLHMH
DEVROXWQLH
QLHSU]HNUDF]DOQ\
KRU\]RQW
VSR]D
NWyUHJR
QLJG\
QLH
GRWU
V\JQDá\
ZLHWOQH
QDZHW
SR
QLHVNR
F]HQLH
GáXJLP
F]DVLH
3UDNW\F]QLH
MX*
SR
F]DVLH
CT
ld
WR
C
(
(
CONST
Rx
F]\OL
VWDáH
SRGF]DV
JG\
SU]HVWU]H
QDGDO
UR]V]HU]D
VL
HNVSRQHQFMDOQLH
&RUD]
WR
QRZH
UHMRQ\
L
RELHNW\
Z\ODWXM
SR]D
GRVW
SQ\
QDV]HPX
REVHUZDWRURZL
REV]DU
7D
ZáDVQR
ü
HNVSDQVML
PR*H
GRSURZDG]Lü
GR
REVHUZRZDQHM
REHFQLH
MHGQRURGQR
FL
SURPLHQLRZDQLD
UHOLNWRZHJR
L
SáDVNR
FL
QDV]HJR
ZLDWD
0RGHO
LQIODF\MQ\
ZáD
QLH
WR
Z\NRU]\VWXMH
7U]HED
W\ONR
]QDOH(ü
IL]\F]QH
X]DVDGQLHQLH
GOD
G]LZQHJR
UyZQDQLD
VWDQX
Z
SRVWDFL
F]\OL
T
VHNXQG\
PDP\
CT
L
(
(
PCS
SURI
-HU]\
6LNRUVNL
,QVW\WXW
)L]\NL
7HRUHW\F]QHM
L
$VWURIL]\NL
8QLZHUV\WHW
*GD
VNL
H
PDLO
IL]MNV#LIWLD
XQLY
JGD
SO
.2602/2*,$–
,QIODF\MQD
ID]D
HNVSDQVML
:V]HFK
ZLDWD
,
7UXGQR
FL
PRGHOL
IULHGPDQQRZVNLFK
1DZHW
JG\
C
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]