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George Sandford
English language guide to memory
1. An Introduction to Memory
Forgetting
I have a good memory, but short’
Popular Polish saying
This saying highlights the fact that most people consider that they have a poor memory. We notice the
times that we forget important information or can not recall where we have left our phones; a birthday
is forgotten and we can’t bring to mind the name of an actor which sits frustratingly on the tip of our
tongue. We many forget peoples’ names in meetings or overlook to return a phone call. But things are
not as bad as they seem. Firstly it is good to forget! If we remembered every time we’d brushed our
teeth or bought a carton of milk, how tiresome life would be. Furthermore, it would be chaotic as we
would be like obsessive hoarders, unable to move freely through our minds for all the useless clutter
in the way. Some poor souls actually suffer from a condition, called blabla in which every small detail
of almost every day, remains locked securely in their memory. Ironically, they are often unable to
transfer this capacity to new learning.
to highlight
to focus on, to go over in bright colour
to recall
to remember
to bring to mind
to be reminded of something
on the tip of your tongue almost able to remember but not quite
to overlook
to forget or not notice
obsessive
to do something to excess, excessive focus on one idea
to hoard
to keep everything
clutter
many items in a mess
  Glossary
to highlight – zwracać uwagę, podkreślać
to recall – przypominać sobie
bring to mind – przywodzić na myśl, przypominać
on the tip of one’s tongue – na końcu języka
overlook – przeoczyć, nie dostrzegać
obsessive – chorobliwy, obsesyjny
hoarder – osoba gromadząca rzeczy, (przenośnie) chomik
clutter – nieład, rupiecie
capacity – zdolność, predyspozycje
Luckily, the majority of people are ‘programmed’ to forget trivia because of the way that new
information is processed. Our short-term memory holds information long enough to perform a simple
task; for example:
‘What’s Ron’s extension number?’
‘4792’
Initially, we only need to hold the information long enough to dial the number. If we want to
remember Ron’s number permanently, we will need to do something to transfer it to our long-term
memory. Remembering involves the three stages of input, storage and recall. Poor management of any
of these areas will lead to memory failure. Furthermore, there is a difference between recognition and
recall; for example, in language terms, passive and active vocabulary. In passive, you recognise a
word when you see it and in active, you have the word in your grasp, ready to use.
trivia
small facts of little importance
short-term memory temporary, working memory
permanently
forever
      long-term memory stable, fixed, permanent memory
recognition
to remember after seeing or hearing something
in your grasp
within your reach, achievable
Glossary
trivia – drobiazgi, błahostki
to process – przetwarzać, przerabiać
short-term memory – pamięć krótkotrwała
initially – początkowo
permanently – trwale, na stałe
long-term memory – pamięć długotrwała, pamięć trwała
failure – niepowodzenie, porażka
recognition – rozpoznanie
in your grasp – mieć w ręku, do dyspozycji
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