exj 2, JEEP Manuals, Electronic Service Manual (jeep cherokee xj do 2000)
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XJ
SUSPENSION
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SUSPENSION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page
page
1
7
6
ALIGNMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page
page
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
SERVICE PROCEDURES
SPECIFICATIONS
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
OPERATION
²
CASTER
is the forward or rearward tilt of the
steering knuckle from vertical. Tilting the top of the
knuckle rearward provides positive caster. Tilting the
top of the knuckle forward provides negative caster.
Caster is a directional stability angle. This angle
enables
WHEEL ALIGNMENT
DESCRIPTION
Wheel alignment involves the correct positioning of
the wheels in relation to the vehicle. The positioning
is accomplished through suspension and steering
linkage adjustments. An alignment is considered
essential for efficient steering, good directional stabil-
ity and to minimize tire wear. The most important
measurements of an alignment are caster, camber
and toe position (Fig. 1).
the
front
wheels
to
return
to
a
straight
ahead position after turns.
²
CAMBER
is the inward or outward tilt of the
wheel relative to the center of the vehicle. Tilting the
top of the wheel inward provides negative camber.
Tilting the top of the wheel outward provides positive
camber. Incorrect camber will cause wear on the
inside or outside edge of the tire. The angle is not
adjustable, damaged component(s) must be replaced
to correct the camber angle.
²
CAUTION: Never attempt to modify suspension or
steering components by heating or bending.
WHEEL TOE POSITION
is the difference
between the leading inside edges and trailing inside
edges of the front tires. Incorrect wheel toe position
is the most common cause of unstable steering and
uneven tire wear. The wheel toe position is the
final
front wheel alignment adjustment.
²
CAUTION: Components attached with a nut and
cotter pin must be torqued to specification. Then if
the slot in the nut does not line up with the cotter
pin hole, tighten nut until it is aligned. Never loosen
the nut to align the cotter pin hole.
STEERING AXIS INCLINATION ANGLE
is
measured in degrees and is the angle that the steer-
ing knuckles are tilted. The inclination angle has a
fixed relationship with the camber angle. It will not
change except when a spindle or ball stud is dam-
aged or bent. The angle is not adjustable, damaged
component(s) must be replaced to correct the steering
axis inclination angle.
NOTE: Periodic lubrication of the front suspension/
steering system components may be required. Rub-
ber bushings must never be lubricated. Refer to
Group 0, Lubrication And Maintenance for the rec-
ommended maintenance schedule.
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SUSPENSION
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DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)
THRUST ANGLE
is the angle of the rear axle
relative to the centerline of the vehicle. Incorrect
thrust angle can cause off-center steering and exces-
sive tire wear. This angle is not adjustable, damaged
component(s) must be replaced to correct the thrust
angle.
²
Fig. 1 Wheel Alignment Measurements
1 – WHEEL CENTERLINE
2 – NEGATIVE CAMBER ANGLE
3 – PIVOT CENTERLINE
4 – SCRUB RADIUS
5 – TRUE VERTICAL
6 – KING PIN
7 – VERTICAL
8 – POSITIVE CASTER
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SUSPENSION
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DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
SUSPENSION AND STEERING SYSTEM
CONDITION
POSSIBLE CAUSES
CORRECTION
FRONT END NOISE
1. Loose or worn wheel bearings.
1. Adjust or replace wheel bearings.
2. Loose or worn steering or
suspension components.
2. Tighten or replace components as
necessary.
EXCESSIVE PLAY IN
STEERING
1. Loose or worn wheel bearings.
1. Adjust or replace wheel bearings.
2. Loose or worn steering or
suspension components.
2. Tighten or replace components as
necessary.
3. Loose or worn steering gear.
3. Adjust or replace steering gear.
FRONT WHEELS SHIMMY
1. Loose or worn wheel bearings.
1. Adjust or replace wheel bearings.
2. Loose or worn steering or
suspension components.
2. Tighten or replace components as
necessary.
3. Tires worn or out of balance.
3. Replace or balance tires.
4. Alignment.
4. Align vehicle to specifications.
5. Leaking steering dampener.
5. Replace steering dampener.
VEHICLE INSTABILITY
1. Loose or worn wheel bearings.
1. Adjust or replace wheel bearings.
2. Loose or worn steering or
suspension components.
2. Tighten or replace components as
necessary.
3. Tire pressure.
3. Adjust tire pressure.
4. Alignment.
4. Align vehicle to specifications.
EXCESSIVE STEERING
EFFORT
1. Loose or worn steering gear.
1. Adjust or replace steering gear.
2. Power steering fluid low.
2. Add fluid and repair leak.
3. Column coupler binding.
3. Replace coupler.
4. Tire pressure.
4. Adjust tire pressure.
5. Alignment.
5. Align vehicle to specifications.
VEHICLE PULLS TO ONE
SIDE DURING BRAKING
1. Uneven tire pressure.
1. Adjust tire pressure.
2. Worn brake components.
2. Repair brakes as necessary.
3. Air in brake line.
3. Repair as necessary.
VEHICLE LEADS OR
DRIFTS FROM STRAIGHT
AHEAD DIRECTION ON
UNCROWNED ROAD
1. Radial tire lead.
1. Cross front tires.
2. Brakes dragging.
2. Repair brake as necessary.
3. Weak or broken spring.
3. Replace spring.
4. Uneven tire pressure.
4. Adjust tire pressure.
5. Wheel Alignment.
5. Align vehicle.
6. Loose or worn steering or
suspension components.
6. Repair as necessary.
7. Cross caster out of spec.
7. Align vehicle.
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SUSPENSION
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DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Continued)
CONDITION
POSSIBLE CAUSES
CORRECTION
KNOCKING, RATTLING
OR SQUEAKING
1. Worn shock bushings.
1. Replace shock.
2. Loose, worn or bent steering/
suspension components.
2. Inspect, tighten or replace components
as necessary.
3. Shock valve.
3. Replace shock.
IMPROPER TRACKING
1. Loose, worn or bent track bar.
1. Inspect, tighten or replace component as
necessary.
2. Loose, worn or bent steering/
suspension components.
2. Inspect, tighten or replace components
as necessary.
SERVICE PROCEDURES
NOTE: Changing caster angle will also change the
front propeller shaft angle. The propeller shaft
angle has priority over caster. Refer to Group 3 Dif-
ferential & Driveline for additional information.
PRE-ALIGNMENT
Before starting wheel alignment, the following
inspection and necessary corrections must be com-
pleted.
Refer
to
Suspension
and
Steering
System
Diagnosis Chart for additional information.
(1) Inspect tires for size and tread wear.
(2) Set tire air pressure.
(3) Inspect front wheel bearings for wear.
(4) Inspect front wheels for excessive radial or lat-
eral runout and balance.
(5) Inspect ball studs, linkage pivot points and
steering gear for looseness, roughness or binding.
(6) Inspect suspension components for wear and
noise.
WHEEL ALIGNMENT
Before each alignment reading, the vehicle should
be jounced (rear first, then front). Grasp each
bumper at the center and jounce the vehicle up and
down several times. Always release the bumper in
the down position. Set the front end alignment to
specifications with the vehicle at its NORMAL RIDE
HEIGHT.
Fig. 2 Caster Adjustment
1 – SHIM
2 – SUSPENSION ARM
CAMBER
The wheel camber angle is preset. This angle is not
adjustable and cannot be altered.
TOE POSITION (LHD)
NOTE: The wheel toe position adjustment is the
final adjustment. The engine must remain running
during the entire toe position adjustment.
CASTER
Before checking the caster of the front axle for cor-
rect angle, be sure the axle is not bent or twisted.
Road test the vehicle, make left and right turns. If
the steering wheel returns to the center position
unassisted, the caster angle is correct. If steering
wheel does not return toward the center position
unassisted, an incorrect caster angle is probable.
Caster can be adjusted by installing the appropri-
ate size shims (Fig. 2).
(1) Start the engine and turn wheels both ways
before straightening the wheels. Secure the steering
wheel with the front wheels in the straight-ahead
position.
(2) Loosen the adjustment sleeve clamp bolts (Fig.
3).
(3) Adjust the right wheel toe position with the
drag link. Turn the sleeve until the right wheel is at
correct
TOE-IN
specifications.
Position
the
clamp
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SUSPENSION
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SERVICE PROCEDURES (Continued)
bolts as shown (Fig. 4) and tighten to 49 N·m (36 ft.
lbs.).
NOTE: Make sure the toe setting does not change
during clamp tightening.
(4) Adjust the left wheel toe position with the tie
rod. Turn the sleeve until the left wheel is at specifi-
cations. Position the clamp bolts as shown (Fig. 4)
and tighten to 27 N·m (20 ft. lbs.).
NOTE: Make sure the toe setting does not change
during clamp tightening.
(5) Verify the right toe setting and turn off engine.
(6) Road test the vehicle on a flat level road to ver-
ify the steering wheel is centered.
Fig. 4 Drag Link and Tie Rod Clamp (LHD)
1 – TIE ROD CLAMP
2 – DRAG LINK CLAMPS
NOTE: Once the toe setting is correct, the steering
wheel can be re-centered by adjusting only the drag
link.
wheel with the front wheels in the straight-ahead
position.
(2) Loosen the adjustment sleeve clamp bolts (Fig.
5).
(3) Adjust the left wheel toe position with the drag
link. Turn the sleeve until the left wheel is at the
correct TOE-IN specifications. Position the clamp
bolts to their original position and tighten to 49 N·m
(36 ft. lbs.).
TOE POSITION (RHD)
NOTE: The wheel toe position adjustment is the
final adjustment. The engine must remain running
during the entire toe position adjustment.
(1) Start the engine and turn wheels both ways
before straightening the wheels. Secure the steering
Fig. 3 Steering Linkage (LHD)
1 – PITMAN ARM
2 – ADJUSTMENT SLEEVE
3 – DRAG LINK
4 – TIE ROD
5 – STEERING DAMPENER
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