engleski 1, WSZYSTKIE KSIĄŻKI
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UNIT 9 – DESCRIBING TRENDS
Vocabulary
Exercise 1
Money
We can
spend
money and we can
save
it. But we can do a lot of other things with money too. Find 14
more verbs we can use with the word
money
in the square. You can read some from left to right,
some from top to bottom and some diagonally.
I X L E N D X X
X N X X D O W E
G I V E M W V L
X W E E O A X O
H N I R S S K S
E A R N X T X E
X O V S P E N D
B E T E F I N D
Exercise 2
Complete the sentences with words from the box below.
borrowed made gave invest owed saved spent wasting
1. In 2003 the group ____________ £4m from investments in overseas companies.
2. The accountants advised us to repay 15% of what we ____________ to the banks.
3. The shareholders criticized the board for ____________ so much money on unnecessary trips abroad.
4. The company ____________ £5,000 to a local school to set up a computer department.
5. My stockbroker suggested I should ____________ in a South East Asia Unit Trust.
6. The government ____________ over £3.5m on a research and development project.
7. The government ____________ £6.5 billion from the IMF for a construction project.
8. We ____________ £323,500 in administrative costs by reducing the number of office staff.
Exercise 3
Complete the sentences with suitable words. The first letter of each word is provided for you.
1. C____________ spending increases when the public has more money.
2. He paid all his d____________ and now has no money left.
3. The u____________ figures show how many people are out of work.
4. The rate of i____________ shows how fast prices are rising.
5. Goods which are sold abroad are classified as e____________ .
6. We pay the staff their w____________ on Fridays.
7. Does the price include p____________ and packing?
8. Banks charge their customers i____________ on the money they borrow.
 Exercise 4
Complete the tables with suitable words.
VERB NOUN
to rise
a fall
an increase
to decrease
to improve
a recovery
ADJECTIVE ADVERB
slight
sharply
dramatic
steady
Exercise 5
Sales results
Choose the correct words in italics to complete the report.
Sales began the year at 30,000 units in January and increased
slight / slightly
to 32,000 units in February.
There was a
sharp / sharply
rise
to / by
38,000 in March
due / led
to the inroduction of a new price
discounting scheme. This was followed by a
slight / slightly
fall in April when sales dropped to 36,000 units.
Our competitors launched a rival product in the spring and this resulted
in / from
a
dramatic / dramatically
fall
to 25,000 in May. But we ran a summer advertising campaign and sales increased
steady / steadily to / by
2,000 units a month throughout June, July and August until they stood
in / at
33,000 in September.
The
dramatic / dramatically
rise to 45,000 in October resulted
in / from
the launch of our new autumn range.
But then we experienced problems meeting demand and sales fell
sharp / sharply
in November and
remained
steady / steadily at / by
39,000 in December.
Exercise 6
There is one mistake in every sentence. Find the mistake and correct it.
1. Our supplier's prices increased at 7% last month.
2. Their market share remained steadily between 2003 and 2007.
3. We lent a lot of money from the bank last year.
4. We spent too much money in advertising.
5. Our poor performance last year was resulted to increased competition.
6. There was a sharp increase on sales last year.
7. This graph shows our sales numbers for the past month.
8. Can we cancel our meeting until next week, please?
9. We hope to achieve a steadily growth in sales.
10. Salaries felt by a small amount last year.
 Describing graphs
Exercise 1
Read the reports on the sales results of different division of Sony and match each one
to the correct graph
.
1.
Music group sales went up slightly in 1991, then fell slightly in 1992 and 1993. But
best-selling record releases by Michael Jackson, Billy Joel, Mariah Carey, Pearl
Jam and many other artists led to recovery in 1994.
2.
There was a sharp increase in Audio Equipment
sales in 1991 and another increase
In 1992. But European market conditions were difficult in 1993 and 1994 and as a result,
sales fell.
3.
Other sales increased steadily between 1990 and 1994 as a result of the strong
performance of semiconductors, telephones and CD-Rom drivers.
4.
There was a dramatic rise in Pictures Group sales in 1991 and sales continued to
increase in 1992 and 1993. But the strong yen resulted in a fall in 1994. In fact, hit
films such as Sleepless in Seattle and Philadelphia resulted in a rise in sales on
a local currency basis in the US where we achieved a 19% market share.
5.
Video Equipment sales rose up sharply in 1991 but then fell in 1992 and 1993.
The decline in the camcorder market led to a further sharp drop in 1994.
6.
Television sales went up in 1991 and continued to rise steadily until 1994 when
when they dropped slightly. This was in spite of the fact that sales of computer
displays and wide-screen TVs were strong.
900
400
500
800
350
450
700
300
400
600
250
350
500
200
300
400
150
250
300
100
200
200
50
150
100
0
0
100
1990
91
92
93
94
1990
91
92
93
94
1990
91
92
93
94
a b c
800
1000
1000
900
900
700
800
800
600
700
700
500
600
600
500
500
400
400
400
300
300
300
200
200
200
100
100
100
1990
91
92
93
94
1990
91
92
93
94
1990
91
92
93
94
d e f
Exercise 2
This graph shows the market share of TV channels in Britain. Complete the sentences using words and
phrases below.
rose remainder steady by fell sharply to at
of went from recovered slightly
Television market share
60
ITV
50
BBC1
40
30
20
BBC2
10
Channel 4
Satellite
0
1980
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
1. ITV’s market share __________ _________ between 1980 and 1998.
2. It __________ __________ in 1991, but fell again in 1992.
3. Between 1980 and 1994 it decreased ________ 50% _________ about 37%.
4. In the same period, BBC1’s share of the market also __________ down. It fell _______ around 5%.
5. BBC2’s market share _________ ________ between 1980 and 1994. It stayed _________ about 10%.
6. Channel 4 started broadcasting in 1982. Between ’82 and ’94 its share __________ to around 10%.
7
. Satellite channels started broadcasting in 1987 and after a slow start, they achieved a market share
__________ about 8% in 1994.
Exercise 3
A Read the three articles and match each one to the correct graph.
The Thatcher index
As politicians go, few are as unforgettable as Margaret Thatcher. Ever since she was ousted as
British Prime Minister in November 1990, her influence has lived on – often to the discomfort of her
successor, John Major.
We asked a computer to count the number of times her name was mentioned in British
newspapers between the last quarter of 1990 and the first quarter of 1993. Not surprisingly, her
score dropped sharply when she lost power, falling from 5,634 in the last quarter of 1990 to 1,955 in
the first quarter of 1991, but then it held up remarkably well at or above the 1,500 level until the
middle of 1992.
Sadly for Thatcherites , it has since dropped again and her score of 1,257 in the first tree months
of 1993 was the lowest yet.
A
People power
People power was the slogan of the Philippine revolution in 1986, but sadly for Filipinos, the power
that boosted GPD in the late 80s seems to be fading.
However, things are not as bad as they have been in the past. In 1984 and 1985, the Philippines
experienced a major recession, with the economy shrinking at an annual rate of 8%. This was largely
due to the austerity programme forced on President Marcos by international banks.
The revolution brought about a change in the country’s fortunes and 1986 saw a growth rate of
3% which rose steadily to 6% in 1988 and 1989. 1989 was also a good year, with a growth rate of
just under 6%, but then the second recession began. By 1991, GPD had fallen to -0,5 in the
following year.
B
A new dawn
C
This time is might be different. There have been many false dawns in the past 18 months on Japan’s
stock market. But the latest rally, which has seen the Nikkei average rise by over 20% from its low
point this year of 16,5500 in January, looks the most convincing so far.
This will be welcome news to investors who suffered heavy losses in 1992. At the beginning of
1992, the Nikkei stood at 23,000 and despite four very short-lived rallies in January, February, May
and July, the index plunged to a low point of just under 14,000 at the end of August. September saw
the index rocket to over 18,000, only to slump again to 16,000 in November. From then on, the
market stabilized at around the 17,000 level and investors must be hoping that latest rise to 20,000
can be sustained.
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